Department of Infrastructure, State Government of Victoria, Australia.

Wheelchair Safety at Rail Level Crossings Taskforce

This page covers provides information about the establishment, actions and report of the Wheelchair Safety at Rail Level Crossings Taskforce.

Information on this page


About the Taskforce

The Minister for Transport established the Wheelchair Safety at Rail Level Crossings Taskforce in December 2001. It was set up following two fatal accidents at level crossings involving wheelchair users in Melbourne in late 2001.

The Taskforce included people with disabilities and representatives from:
Scope and methodology

Scope
The scope of the Taskforce was to provide recommendations on:
  • the adequacy of Australian Standards for level crossing design, and the development of engineering and design standards for surfaces at crossings.
  • the level of protection and design of level crossings for people in wheelchairs.
  • the adequacy of wheelchair design standards.
  • the responsibility of manufacturers and distributors of wheelchairs to inform purchasers about the suitability of wheelchairs over various terrains, particularly for rail level crossings and pedestrian crossings.
  • the interface between people with a disability, train operators and infrastructure managers.

Methodology
The Taskforce's report was informed by:
  • an international literature search
  • a presentation about the risks of wheelchairs crossing flangeway gaps at railroad crossings at the Seventh International Symposium on Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Research and Safety, Melbourne
  • current standards of engineering and design of railway crossings, and access and mobility standards for people with a disability
  • an audit of a representative sample of railway pedestrian crossings in metropolitan Melbourne
  • a series of wheelchair trials at railway pedestrian crossings
  • a survey of the problems faced by wheelchair users on railway pedestrian crossings
  • the current standards for wheelchair design and manufacture
  • a public forum for people with a disability, community organisations, disability service providers and peak industry representatives
  • face-to-face consultation with concerned individuals, allied health professionals, transport operators, and wheelchair manufacturers and suppliers
  • submissions from various individuals, peak bodies, manufacturers and suppliers.
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Overview of findings

The Taskforce found that, while considerable improvements have been carried out to make public transport more accessible for people with a disability, there remained a number of important issues that must be addressed in relation to safety and accessibility at pedestrian rail level crossings. The initial findings showed that there is a significant risk of further injuries, or even deaths, at pedestrian rail level crossings if the levels of safety and accessibility for people with a disability are not improved.

The Taskforce found that:
  • The gap between the path surface and the edge of the rail tracks (flange gap) is needed to let the wheels of the train pass, but is a built-in hazard to wheelchairs and other mobility aids. A smooth riding surface is also important. The obvious solution is to replace all the surfaces of pedestrian rail level crossings with overpasses or underpasses ('grade separation'), however this can only be achieved in the long term. In the meantime, maintenance, upgrading, engineering and design of rail level crossings needs to be improved as a matter of urgency to raise the level of safety for wheelchair users.
  • To date, pedestrian rail level crossing engineering and design has not specifically focussed on the needs of people with a disability, including people who use mobility aids. Standards for the surfaces at pedestrian and crib crossings, in particular the smoothness of surface, width of crossing, barrier gates and gaps between the pavement surface need to be developed. Responsibility for the development for disability standards for pedestrian rail level crossings needs to be clarified.
  • The level of protection and design of rail level crossings for persons in wheelchairs, including minimum warning times for activating crossing protection equipment and refuges for persons inadvertently caught on the wrong side, and other emergency processes, require further investigation and clarification.
  • The number of people in Victoria who use a wheelchair and are likely to travel over railway pedestrian crossings is difficult to count. However, since the overall Australian population is living longer, it is likely there will be an increase in people using wheelchairs in the future. Safety issues need to be addressed as soon as possible to ensure the safety of people now, and into the future.
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  • Train franchise arrangements need to be reviewed and clarified and an action plan for the maintenance and upgrade of pedestrian rail level crossings in metropolitan Melbourne from a disability access perspective needs to be developed.
  • In the long term the safety for people using bicycles, prams, scooters and other vehicles with wheels will also need to be considered.
  • While wheelchair design, standards and supply as well as customer information are important, they are less significant and not an equivalent issue to the protection, design and engineering at pedestrian rail level crossings.
  • The introduction of wider wheels on wheelchairs, to prevent the risk of wheels becoming entrapped in flangeway gaps, would not be feasible due to the diversity of people’s requirements and the potential restrictions on mobility. Research and evaluation is required to rigorously test a range of other possibilities.
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  • There is currently no Australian Standard for wheel dimensions and, while there is an International Standard, compliance with this Standard is not mandatory. If mandatory wheelchair wheel standards were introduced, the result would limit the current flexibility to build wheelchairs to suit users need. If mandatory standards were to be introduced for wheelchairs, a regulation impact statement would need to address the potential costs as a result of any requirement for wheelchairs to comply with relevant Australian standards.
  • The responsibility of manufacturers and distributors of wheelchairs to inform purchasers of suitable consumer information about the suitability of wheelchairs over various terrains, particularly for rail level crossings and at stand-alone rail pedestrian crossings does not have any specific structure to ensure quality assurance.
  • Further work needs to take place with the wheelchair industry, suppliers, professionals and people with a disability to examine the adequacy of supply, information provision, regulation and licensing issues with the sale of wheelchairs and scooters.
  • The urgency to reduce the risk of further train occurrences requires a multi faceted approach that involves whole of government, industry and community to address:
    • engineering, design and infrastructure of rail level crossings and surrounds
    • maintenance and safety of rail level crossings
    • wheelchair design and standards
    • wheelchair distribution and supply and customer information.
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Recommendations

The Taskforce presented 25 recommendations for action by various State and Federal Government organisations and transport operators.


Recommended actions for the Victorian Government and Department of Infrastructure
  • As a matter of priority, the Department of Infrastructure and transport operators should check all the railway pedestrian crossings in Victoria starting in the metropolitan area, where the pathway is not at right angles to the rail tracks. These crossings present a greater risk of wheelchair wheels becoming trapped in flangeway gaps. Where it is necessary, action can be taken to decrease the risk of getting stuck.
  • As a matter of priority, the Department of Infrastructure should coordinate with the transport operators the introduction of a telephone number to report any faults or problems at railway pedestrian crossings. (The toll free number 1800 001 050 is available for this purpose and is connected to a Telephone Typewriter (TTY) facility for people with a hearing impairment.) Also, pedestrian level crossings should be clearly numbered to make it easier for people to report faults and difficulties with railway pedestrian crossings.
  • As a matter of priority, the Department of Infrastructure should develop a way of assessing all railway pedestrian crossings in Victoria, in consultation with disability groups, other experts, including mobility aid users, to identify all or any other potential access problems or safety issues for people with a disability.
  • The Department of Infrastructure should seek an approved code of practice with the transport industry that requires all trains travelling in the State of Victoria to have their front light turned on.
  • The Department of Infrastructure should review the transport operators contracts and include performance indicators (measures of work), to address accessibility and safety at railway pedestrian crossings for people with a disability.
  • The Victorian Government should further develop its policy for grade separation of all new pedestrian level crossings as a long-term solution that takes into account safety and accessibility for people with a disability.
  • In consultation with disability consultants, people with a disability and train operators, the Department of Infrastructure should work with track managers to establish the rules for assessing maintenance requirements at railway pedestrian crossings.
Recommended actions for the Australian Transport Council
  • The Australian Transport Council should request that Austroads and the Association of Australian Road Authorities to extend their survey (being undertaken across Australia and New Zealand) on current standards and best practice approaches to reducing the risk of collision at rail level crossings without boom barriers or gates to include railway pedestrian crossings.
  • The Australian Transport Council should request that Rail Safety Regulators examine the risk to people with a disability at railway pedestrian crossings using evidence-based data (that is information collected from crossing incidents) to assess the potential of further accidents and incidents. Also, issues need to be identified to assist the ability of rail operators and track managers to comply with any new safety standards that may be recommended.
  • The Australian Transport Council should approach the Australian Road Research Board—Transport Research and the National Committee on Rehabilitation Engineering to arrange further research (in consultation with relevant stakeholders) into wheelchair operation and design. The research would be in reference to safety at rail level crossings, and to determine whether binding standards for wheelchairs should be considered.
Recommended actions for Standards Australia
  • Once the above regulation for railway pedestrian crossings has been achieved, Standards Australia should review all Australian Standards to ensure that specific reference to the design required for accessible, safe travel for people with a disability at railway pedestrian crossings is included.
  • When one or more of the above recommendations has been agreed, then Standards Australia should make sure that there is clear cut reference to the rules that require accessible, safe travel at pedestrian crossings for people with a disability
Recommended action for transport operators
  • The track managers in Victoria should develop an action plan to fix the immediate need for maintenance and upgrade of the railway pedestrian crossings that they operate.
Recommended actions related to further research
  • Research should be undertaken into various kinds of level crossing surface treatments to check their advantages and disadvantages, including their durability. It will then be possible to establish the suitability and the costs and benefits of surfaces that could increase safety for wheelchair users.
  • A research institution should undertake a worldwide inquiry to identify how much current research has been done on safe passage for people with a disability at railway pedestrian crossings. New answers may be discovered that were not found in the Taskforce’s initial research into international literature.
  • A research institution should report on the possibility of doing joint research with the United States of America Transportation Research Board Committee and the Association of American Railroads to try to develop answers to the problem caused by flangeway gaps at crossings.
  • Further action should be started to make sure that high-level research and adequate product evaluation takes place in the wheelchair industry in Australia and that the National Committee on Rehabilitation Engineers be approached to find appropriate ways to get this done.
Other recommendations
  • The development of an addendum to the Disability Discrimination Act Draft Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport and/or a new regulation that takes precedence over individual jurisdictions' regulations and/or a new mandatory national standard for the design of railway pedestrian crossings that includes a provision for people with a disability.
  • The development of an addition to the Draft Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport and/or a new rule that takes priority over individual laws, and/or a new binding standard for the design of railway pedestrian crossings that includes access rules for people with a disability.
  • The Australian Transport Safety Board should look into the suitability of the current warning times at railway pedestrian crossings for people with a disability and provide a report on industry practice across Australia.
  • The matter of design and engineering standards for signage at railway pedestrian crossings should be referred to the Department of Transport and Regional Services in consultation with disability groups for further study, development and Implementation.
  • The Australian Road Research Board—Transport Research should research a number of possible emergency detection, escape and response solutions.
  • The National Rail Safety Regulators should agree on a new system for reporting rail accidents, including near misses, that involve wheelchair users and users of other vehicles with wheels. The new information collected should be included in the national incident database.
  • Follow-up consultation should take place with people with a disability, the wheelchair industry, wheelchair suppliers and professionals (such as the Independent Living Centre). The aim of this would be to examine the quality and adequacy of supply, information provision for customers, and any need for regulation and licensing in regard to the sale of wheelchairs (and other mobility aids).


Implementation of recommendations

Implementation of the 25 recommendations is the responsibility of the Railway Pedestrian Crossing Protection Upgrade Program.
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Taskforce report

If you are unable to access this document, contact Public Transport Division.
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